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Teredo
Teredo is a network protocol designed to provide IPv6 connectivity to nodes that are located behind IPv4 NAT (Network Address Translation) devices. Implemented as a tunneling protocol, Teredo encapsulates IPv6 packets within IPv4 UDP datagrams, enabling seamless communication across IPv4 networks without requiring native IPv6 infrastructure. This ensures broader IPv6 adoption and maintains compatibility where direct IPv6 support is not feasible..
Teredo is an IPv6 transition technology specified in RFC 4380. It operates by tunneling IPv6 packets inside IPv4 UDP packets, which allows devices behind NATs to gain IPv6 connectivity. This tunneling alleviates the reliance solely on dual-stack deployments or native IPv6 connectivity.
The Teredo client obtains an IPv6 address through communication with a Teredo server on the public internet. This IPv6 address encodes the public IPv4 address and UDP port of the NAT device, facilitating bidirectional communication. Communication between peers is either direct or relayed via Teredo relays, depending on NAT traversal capabilities, which enables end-to-end IPv6 data exchange.
The protocol primarily uses UDP port 3544 and is enabled on many Windows operating systems by default. It plays a critical role during IPv6 adoption phases, but its relevance diminishes as native IPv6 connectivity becomes widespread.